Social scientist Samuel Popkin wrote about the concept of “gut rationality” to explain how voters make decisions during presidential elections (1994). His theory is that voters take a bit of new information about a candidate, add that to their experiences, knowledge, and biases, and make their choice. Voters count on their instincts to decide what makes a person presidential. When educators come to conclusions about how students perform, do we use something like gut rationality? Or do we take time to study a range of evidence? There is no shortage of data in education. Some schools are truly data-driven. They use data to understand where students succeed and where they fall short. They analyze data to know which students struggle at which times in specific