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3 essential feedback categories for inspiring teacher growth

By A. Keith Young and Judith Mendoza Jimenez
Categories: Fundamentals, Learning designs
February 2025
Feedback is essential for learning, not just for students but also for educators. It is a key component of career-long growth. Imagine a new teacher struggling with pacing during a math lesson. A quick gesture or whispered note from a coach can help them recalibrate in real time. Now imagine a veteran teacher tackling a complex curriculum shift, such as moving from teacher-led to student-led science labs. Multiple video analysis sessions and advice from an expert in science curriculum can help them refine their approach.   These contrasting scenarios illustrate the importance of tailoring feedback formats to meet educators’ unique needs and stages of development. Crafting tailored feedback requires intentionality, innovation, and adaptability, and any educator’s toolkit should include a repertoire of approaches (Aguilar, 2024;

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References

Aguilar, E. (2024). Arise: The art of transformational coaching. Wiley.

Dewey, J. (1910). How we think. D.C. Heath & Co.

Hasbrouck, J. & Michel, D. (2022). Student-focused coaching: The instructional coach’s guide to supporting student success through teacher collaboration. Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

Killion, J. (2019). The feedback process: Transforming feedback for professional learning (2nd ed.). Learning Forward.

Knight, J. (2017). The impact cycle: What instructional coaches should do to foster powerful improvements in teaching. Corwin.

Learning Forward. (2022). Standards for professional learning.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). How people learn II: Learners, contexts, and cultures. The National Academies Press.

Schön, D.A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.

Young, A.K., Julien, A.B., & Osborne, T. (2023). The instructional coaching handbook: 200+ troubleshooting strategies for success. ASCD.


A. Keith Young
+ posts

Keith Young, a former English and math teacher who got his start teaching for the U.S. government in Germany, discovered early on that he had a knack for training teachers, which led him to a career in coaching, leading school turnaround as a principal, and improving student outcomes in Colorado, Puerto Rico, and Arizona. As a first-generation college graduate and former Head Start kid from northern Alabama, he picked up every advanced education degree available and developed a practical, results-driven coaching style that now helps teachers, instructional coaches, and administrators across the U.S. and internationally. Now based on the South Carolina coast with his husband, Keith authored The Instructional Coaching Handbook (2023) and Training Design, Delivery, and Diplomacy (2023), while also staying busy helping shepherd several of their 22 nephews and one niece.

Judith Mendoza Jimenez
+ posts

Judith Mendoza-Jimenez's journey to success began when she entered American schools at the age of 10, after immigrating from Mexico. As a first-generation college student, she navigated higher education, earning advanced degrees from the University of Arizona and Northern Arizona University, while also balancing the challenges of serving as a bilingual special education teacher, assistant principal and principal at the high school level. These formative experiences have profoundly shaped her dedication to supporting diverse learners in her current role as Director of Student Services for the Nogales Unified School District.


Categories: Fundamentals, Learning designs

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