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    How understanding the brain improves educator learning

    By Margaret Lee
    Categories: Learning designs, Research
    February 2025
    Over the last 30 years, advances in cognitive science have allowed us to know more than ever before about how the brain encodes new information, connects it to what is already known, and makes it “stick” through durable storage in long-term memory. As of yet, much of this information hasn’t made its way into the daily life of schools and educators. But proponents of the applied science of learning seek to change that. The applied science of learning refers to the cognitive science principles that can be reasonably and successfully enacted in educational practice and used to improve teaching and student outcomes. Professional learning is one of many areas where the applied science of learning can have a meaningful effect. When educators engage in professional

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    References

    Ausubel, D.P. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Berlin, R. & Heal, J. (2022, March 23). Why time is a teacher’s greatest commodity … and what to do … Learning & the Brainlearningandthebrain.com/blog/finding-and-prioritizing-opportunities-for-effortful-thinking/

    Heal, J. & Hendrick, C. (2025). How teaching & learning happens [Learning module]. Academica. academica-group.com/en/how-teaching-and-learning-happens-e-learning-course

    Kirschner, P. & Hendrick, C. (2024). How learning happens: Seminal works in educational psychology and what they mean in practice (2nd ed). Routledge.

    Kirschner, P., Hendrick, C., & Heal, J. (2022). How teaching happens: Seminal works in teaching and teacher effectiveness and what they mean in practice. Routledge.

    Learning Forward (2022). Standards for Professional Learning.

    Mueller, P.A. & Oppenheimer, D.M. (2014). The pen is mightier than the keyboard: Advantages of longhand over laptop note taking. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159-1168.

    Richter, E. & Richter, D. (2024). Measuring the quality of teacher professional development: A large-scale validation study of an 18-item instrument for daily use. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 81, Article 101357.

    Rosenshine, B. (2012). Principles of instruction: Research-based strategies that all teachers should know. American Educator, 36(1), 12-39.

    Sweller, J. (2011). Cognitive load theory. In J.P. Mestre & B.H. Ross (Eds.), Psychology of learning and motivation: Cognition in education (Vol. 55, pp. 37-76). Academic Press.

    Willingham, D.T. (2017). A mental model of the learner: Teaching the basic science of educational psychology to future teachers. Mind, Brain, and Education, 11(4), 166-175.


    Margaret lee
    + posts

    Margaret (Meg) Lee, a public school educator for more than 25 years, is a forerunner in implementing evidence-informed practice in schools and districts. She directs professional learning and induction in a Maryland district, is a core teacher for learning science and advisor for professional learning at Academica University of Applied Sciences in Amsterdam, is the author of Mindsets for Parents: Strategies to Encourage Growth Mindsets in Kids (2nd ed.), and consults with districts focused on elevating practice through learning science.


    Categories: Learning designs, Research

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