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    The Sandwich Strategy

    No matter how you slice it, analyzing student work together improves math instruction.

    By Lisa Nguyen Batista and Lynsey Gibbons
    June 2016
    Vol. 37 No. 3
    Teachers are regularly asked to use data to inform their instruction. In the past, teachers examined student work in isolation (Little, Gearhart, Curry, & Kafka, 2003). Now, however, teachers increasingly have dedicated meeting times. So how can teachers collaboratively examine student work and use their findings to improve instruction? A team of teachers at Hilltop Elementary School in the Pacific Northwest demonstrates the power of collaborative analysis of student work as teachers and school leaders use student work to guide their instructional decisions and support their professional learning about teaching mathematics. Hilltop Elementary is an urban school that serves an ethnically and linguistically diverse population, as well as high poverty and mobility rates. Over 50% of the student population speaks a language other than English

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    Grade 3 Common Core State Standards For Fractions

    3.NF.1: Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts;

    understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
    3.NF.2: Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.

    3.NF.3: Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size. Source: www.corestandards.org/Math/Content/3/NF.

    References

    Carpenter, T.P., Fennema, E., & Franke, M.L. (1996). Cognitively guided instruction: A knowledge base for reform in primary mathematics instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 97(1), 3-20.

    Empson, S.B. & Levi, L. (2011). Extending children’s mathematics: Fractions and decimals: Innovations in cognitively guided instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Lewis, R.M., Gibbons, L.K., Kazemi, E., & Lind, T. (2015). Unwrapping students’ ideas about fractions. Teaching Children Mathematics, 22(3), 158-168.

    Little, J.W., Gearhart, M., Curry, M., & Kafka, J. (2003). Looking at student work for teacher learning, teacher community, and school reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 85(3), 184-192.

    National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2014). Principles to actions: Ensuring mathematical success for all. Reston, VA: Author.


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    Lynsey gibbons
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    A deep respect for teachers and students drives the work of Dr. Lynsey Gibbons, who is a teacher educator and researcher in the School of Education at the University of Delaware. Her scholarship seeks to understand how teachers can be provided with rich opportunities to learn how to teach in ways that respond to children’s brilliance and position them as capable sensemakers. In her research, Gibbons seeks to explore teacher learning through an organizational and systems perspective with special attention to professional learning routines, the roles of instructional leaders such as principals and coaches, and the role of coherent learning events that occur within the system. She works alongside teachers to understand the interrelation of their instructional practices and school-wide efforts to support them. To that end, she has published articles and books related to designing for, facilitating, and examining teacher learning; specifying the practices of those who support teacher learning; and identifying tools and resources to support instructional leaders and teacher educators.


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